Ophthalmic Fluorescein & Indocyanine Green Angiography
What is Eye Angiography?
Fluorescein and indocyanine green (ICG) angiography are tests used to identify leaking or damage to the blood vessels that nourish the retina. For both diagnostic tests, a colored dye is injected into the arm. Fluorescein, a yellow dye, glows in visible light. Indocyanin, a green dye, shines with invisible infrared light. No X-rays are used during the test. Instead a special digital camera that is sensitive to these light rays is used.
Why are these tests performed?
These tests are used to diagnose and assess certain eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy or age-related macular degeneration. When these tests identify abnormal vessels or leaking, laser treatment or other methods may be necessary to preserve vision. These tests are also helpful for documenting the course of an eye disease.
Fluorescein and ICG angiography are used worldwide. The physicians of Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants have contributed extensively to the understanding and development of these diagnostic tests. They have published numerous peer-reviewed papers on the subject, a major textbook, and a CD-ROM.
What are the risks?
Both tests are safe. Serious side effects are not common. However, some patients may have an allergic reaction to the dyes. Fluorescein does not contain iodine and is safe for persons allergic to iodine. ICG does contain iodine, and is thus not suitable for persons allergic to iodine. The dye can cause slight nausea, but this feeling typically passes quickly. Persons allergic to the dye can experience a skin rash and itching, which can be relieved with steroids or anti-histamines. Your doctor can speak with you about these side effects and others.
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
Optical coherence tomography is used to identify retinal swelling or fluid build-up. This test uses rays of light to measure retinal thickness. Physicians commonly use OCT to diagnose and treat most retinal conditions. The test lasts a few minutes. No X-rays or other forms of radiation are used.
Ultrasound (B-Scan)
An ultrasound uses sound waves to depict ocular and retinal conditions. It is commonly used to evaluate the retina of persons with a dense cataract or vitreous hemorrhage. An ultrasound is a simple test, painless and requires no radiation.